Breast cancer remains one of the most prevalent forms of cancer affecting women globally, with India witnessing a sharp rise in cases. Breast cancer is now the most common cancer affecting women both worldwide and in India. What’s more alarming is the increasing number of cases among younger women constantly. In the past, breast cancer was predominantly diagnosed in women over the age of 60, but in recent decades, there has been a surge in cases among women as young as 40 or 50. Factors like genetic predisposition, environmental exposure, and lifestyle choices are contributing to this alarming trend.

Hence, early detection is essential as it can be lifesaving. According to Dr Ashish Gupta, Chief of Medical Oncology at Unique Hospital Cancer Centre, breast self-examinations (BSE) play a crucial role in detecting the disease at an early stage, significantly improving treatment outcomes.

"Just three fingers and a mirror are enough to detect the presence of breast cancer," says Dr Gupta, an American board-certified oncologist. "By understanding how your breasts normally feel, you can easily detect changes or abnormalities."

Dr Gupta encourages young women to adopt healthy habits, such as maintaining a balanced diet, regular exercise, and a healthy body weight, starting in their 20s. These lifestyle changes may reduce the risk of developing breast cancer later in life.

Symptoms of Breast Cancer: What to Look For

While a breast lump is the most commonly recognized symptom, breast cancer can manifest in several ways. Dr Gupta advises paying attention to the following warning signs:

- Lumps in the breast or underarms: A new lump or mass is one of the most common symptoms. A hard lump, irregular in shape, and painless may raise concerns, although some lumps can be tender or painful.

- Nipple changes or discharge: Changes in the nipple, such as inversion, pain, or unusual discharge (especially if bloody or greenish), can be indicators of breast cancer.

- Skin thickening or dimpling: Sometimes the skin over the breast may become thickened or develop an "orange peel" texture, which can signal underlying cancer.

- Ulceration or changes in breast size or shape: Any visible changes in the size or shape of the breast, especially if accompanied by pain or discomfort, should be evaluated by a medical professional.

Dr Gupta stresses that while these symptoms do not always indicate cancer, they warrant immediate medical attention for further evaluation and testing.

How Early Detection Can Save Lives?

One of the key challenges in breast cancer is that it often does not cause pain in the early stages, leading to delayed diagnosis. "Many women only discover their cancer after it has progressed, when treatment options become more aggressive and less effective," Dr Gupta explains. However, when detected early, treatment success rates soar. "With early detection, the chances of cure can be as high as 90 to 95 per cent," he adds.

In the initial stages, cancerous lumps are typically smaller, allowing for less invasive treatments. Techniques like breast conservation, oncoplasty (reconstructive surgery), and sentinel lymph node biopsy can be employed, sparing women from more aggressive procedures like full mastectomies.

Dr Gupta also lays emphasis on the need for regular medical screenings, such as mammograms, especially for women over 40 or those with a family history of breast cancer. However, alongside professional screenings, monthly self-examinations can play an equally vital role in catching the disease early.

Are Skin Tags A Sign of Breast Cancer?

A common concern among women is whether skin tags can be an early sign of breast cancer. Skin tags are benign (non-cancerous) growths that often appear on the skin, particularly in areas where friction occurs, such as the neck, armpits, or under the breasts. While they can be a nuisance, skin tags are not associated with breast cancer. According to Dr Gupta, there is no scientific evidence linking skin tags to breast cancer or any other type of malignancy.

However, if a skin tag or any other skin abnormality near the breast changes in appearance, grows rapidly, or becomes painful, it’s important to consult a health expert for a thorough evaluation. Any skin changes directly on the breast, such as dimpling or redness, could be a sign of inflammatory breast cancer, a rare but aggressive form of the disease.

Why Are Self-Exams Important?

Dr Gupta explains, “Breast self-examination should be a routine practice for all women. By familiarizing yourself with the normal look and feel of your breasts, you can detect abnormalities early and seek medical advice promptly. The process is simple and requires just a few minutes each month.”

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