Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) can impact a child’s weight, affecting their health both in childhood and later in life, according to a recent study conducted by researchers in the UK. The study, published in the Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, explains the link between ADHD and weight changes from birth into adolescence, revealing a pattern of weight fluctuations that could have long-term health implications.

The research team, led by Claire Reed from the University of Southampton, analysed data from over 7,900 children born between 2000 and 2002. Among these, they focused on 442 children diagnosed with ADHD and compared them with nearly 5,400 children who did not have ADHD symptoms or diagnoses.

The study revealed that children with ADHD are likely to experience shifts in weight throughout their life. Initially, these children tend to have a lower birth weight, putting them at risk for developmental delays and other health complications. Reed explained, “Children with increased ADHD symptoms are typically lighter at birth than their peers but are later more likely to have obesity.”

While weight differences between children with ADHD and their peers evened out by the age of 9 months and remained comparable at 3 years, disparities resurfaced as the children grew older. By age 5, children with ADHD were more likely to develop obesity, especially those not taking stimulant medications for their condition. This trend continued into later childhood, with obesity risks peaking after age 7 in girls and after age 11 in boys.

The study found that the severity of ADHD symptoms played a role in weight trends, as children with more pronounced ADHD symptoms tended to have higher body mass indexes (BMIs) by ages 11 and 14. Researchers noted that the period between ages 3 and 5 could be a critical time when ADHD symptoms begin influencing weight gain, although the exact cause remains unclear. One possibility is that children with ADHD may make impulsive food choices, leading to less healthy eating habits. “Those with higher levels of impulsivity may be less likely to make healthier choices,” the researchers noted.

How To Recognise Signs Of ADHD In Children?

Early detection of ADHD can help in managing not only the disorder itself but also its associated health risks, including weight fluctuations. ADHD commonly presents as a combination of symptoms that affect a child’s attention span, impulse control, and activity levels. Here are signs to watch for:

- Inattention: Children with ADHD may have difficulty sustaining attention in tasks or play activities, often making careless mistakes. They may frequently lose items, struggle to organize tasks and avoid activities requiring sustained focus.

- Hyperactivity: Hyperactive symptoms include an inability to sit still, a tendency to fidget, or frequent physical movement. These children may feel restless or unable to relax quietly and are often described as being "on the go."

- Impulsivity: Impulsive behaviours are common in children with ADHD. They may have difficulty waiting their turn, interrupt conversations, or make hasty decisions without considering the consequences.

- Social and Academic Challenges: ADHD can impact academic performance and social relationships. Children may struggle to keep up with schoolwork, often appearing disorganized or forgetful. Socially, they may have difficulty maintaining friendships due to impulsive or overly energetic behaviours.

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