Delhi’s air quality has once again slipped into the ‘poor’ category, with an Air Quality Index (AQI) of 219 recorded on Saturday morning, according to data from the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB). Areas such as Alipur (AQI 231), Ashok Vihar (225), Bawana (262), and Burari (274) reported particularly concerning levels.

While outdoor air pollution remains a significant issue in Delhi, a recent study highlights a lesser-known contributor to deteriorating air quality: scented candles, air fresheners, and incense sticks. Led by researchers Asit Kumar Mishra from University College Cork and Marie Coggins from the University of Galway, the study sheds light on how these common household products can negatively impact indoor air quality.

With the festive season in full swing, homes are often adorned with gingerbread, cinnamon, and pine-scented candles, as well as festive diffusers to enhance the holiday spirit. While these products can mask unpleasant odours, the study warns that they can also add to indoor air pollution rather than reduce it.

The researchers found that burning scented candles or using air fresheners in poorly ventilated spaces can significantly increase exposure to harmful pollutants. In under-ventilated rooms, it can take several hours for pollutant levels to normalize after using such products.

According to the study, burning candles or incense sticks releases a mix of chemicals and particulate matter, including toxic gases like carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, and nitrogen oxides. Additionally, home fragrance products emit volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which are harmful to health.

Short-term exposure to these pollutants can cause coughing, sneezing, and irritation of the eyes, nose, throat, and lungs. Long-term exposure, however, poses more severe risks, including heart disease, lung cancer, chronic bronchitis, and exacerbated asthma symptoms.

Many people believe that natural or organic candles are a healthier alternative, but the study debunks this myth. Even when made from natural ingredients, burning these candles releases harmful chemicals into the air, contributing to indoor pollution.

The World Health Organization (WHO) has cautioned that burning scented candles in closed spaces can raise the concentration of fine particulate matter to levels 15 times higher than the acceptable limit. This peak concentration can linger for hours, posing risks to those inside the room.

To improve indoor air quality, experts recommend:

- Ventilation: Keep windows open and avoid blocking wall vents.

- Limit Scented Products: Use candles, incense sticks, and air fresheners sparingly.

- Avoid Smoking Indoors: Cigarette smoke significantly worsens indoor pollution.

- Choose Alternatives: Opt for natural ventilation or odour-neutralising plants to freshen up indoor spaces.

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